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IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 OIV 9 OIV 2024 9 Short communications - Oenology, methods of analysis 9 Explorando el potencial bioprotector de levaduras nativas no-Saccharomyces en la vinificación: resultados preliminares

Explorando el potencial bioprotector de levaduras nativas no-Saccharomyces en la vinificación: resultados preliminares

Resumen

Bioprotección en vinificación se refiere al uso de levaduras para prevenir el desarrollo de microorganismos no deseados como de fenómenos que afectan la calidad del vino como puede ser la oxidación y el consecuente amarronamiento. Surge como alternativa al uso de sulfitos (SO2) en las etapas pre-fermentativas. El SO2 tiene múltiples funciones, siendo las principales el poder antiséptico y antioxidante. Este trabajo se enfocó en el estudio y selección de levaduras nativas del tipo no-Saccharomyces, específicamente de los géneros Metschnikowia y Pichia con potencial actividad de bioprotección y biocontrol en los mostos de uva. Para estudiar dicho potencial, se realizaron pruebas a escala de laboratorio con cepas pertenecientes a las especies Metschnikowia fructicola, Pichia kudriavzevii y Pichia membranifaciens, evaluando su capacidad fermentativa y características sensoriales en mosto Chardonnay. Con las 10 levaduras seleccionas se realizaron fermentaciones en mosto modelo frente a 2 controles con y sin agregado de SO2, a las cuales se les evaluó su capacidad bioprotectora frente a la flora nativa y sobre el amarronamiento de los vinos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el potencial de la aplicación de levaduras nativas como alternativa al agregado de sulfitos.

Esplorazione del potenziale bioprotettivo dei lieviti autoctoni non-saccharomyces nella vinificazione

L’uso del termine bioprotezione nella vinificazione si riferisce all’impiego di metodi non chimici per prevenire lo sviluppo di microrganismi indesiderati (lieviti e/o batteri). Il motivo dello studio di questo metodo è principalmente un’alternativa naturale all’aggiunta di solfiti durante le fasi prefermentative.  Nella vinificazione, l’aggiunta di SO2 ha molteplici funzioni, le principali delle quali sono il potere antisettico e antiossidante. In questo senso, la ricerca e la selezione di lieviti che abbiano queste capacità e che non presentino difficoltà o difetti durante la fermentazione emerge come un’alternativa naturale in linea con l’attuale tendenza verso bevande e alimenti più sani grazie alla minore aggiunta di prodotti chimici. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è la selezione di lieviti autoctoni non-saccharomyces da diverse varietà di uva, appartenenti ai generi metschnikowia e pichia, poiché questi generi di lieviti sono stati segnalati per il loro potenziale di bioprotezione e biocontrollo dei mosti d’uva. A tal fine, è stato effettuato un primo screening su scala di laboratorio, partendo da un totale di dieci ceppi appartenenti alla specie metschnikowia fructicola, sette ceppi appartenenti alla specie pichia kudriavzevii e un ceppo pichia membranifaciens. Lo screening è consistito nello studio della capacità fermentativa in un mosto bianco della varietà chardonnay e nella successiva valutazione sensoriale dei vini ottenuti dopo la fermentazione alcolica.  In questa prima fase, sono stati selezionati 7 ceppi in base alla loro capacità fermentativa e all’assenza di difetti sensoriali, per procedere alla fermentazione di colture miste con lieviti commerciali saccharomyces cerevisiae e lieviti di riferimento non saccharomyces con e senza l’aggiunta di SO2. In questo modo è stato valutato il potenziale di bioprotezione nei confronti dei microrganismi naturali presenti nelle uve da utilizzare. I livelli di ossidazione dei mosti per ciascun trattamento sono stati valutati anche con tecniche spettrofotometriche. I risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di selezionare ceppi in grado di sostituire i solfiti aggiunti durante la chiarificazione o la pre-macerazione dei mosti in modo più naturale ed ecologico.

Exploring the bioprotective potential of native non-Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking: preliminary results

Bioprotection in winemaking refers to the use of yeasts to prevent both the development of undesirable microorganisms and phenomena that affect wine quality, such as oxidation and consequent browning. It emerges as an alternative to the use of sulfites (SO2) in pre-fermentative stages. SO2 serves multiple functions, primarily as an antiseptic and antioxidant. This study focused on the investigation and selection of native non-Saccharomyces yeasts, specifically from the genera Metschnikowia and Pichia, with potential bioprotective and biocontrol activity in grape musts. To explore this potential, laboratory-scale tests were conducted with strains of Metschnikowia fructicola, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Pichia membranifaciens, evaluating their fermentative capacity and sensory characteristics in Chardonnay must. Fermentations were carried out with the 10 selected yeasts in a model must against 2 controls, with and without added SO2, to assess their bioprotective capacity against native flora and their effect on wine browning. The results demonstrate the potential of applying native yeasts as an alternative to the addition of sulfites.

DOI:

Publication date: November 18, 2024

Issue: OIV 2024

Type: Article

Authors

Valentina Martín¹, Eduardo Boido¹, Belén Listur¹, Francisco Carrau¹, Karina Medina¹

¹ Área Enología y Biotecnología de Fermentaciones, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay

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Tags

Full papers OIV 2024 | IVES Conference Series | OIV | OIV 2024

Citation

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