terclim by ICS banner
IVES 9 IVES Conference Series 9 EFFECTS OF INDUCED SUNBURN DAMAGES ON WHITE WINE PROPERTIES

EFFECTS OF INDUCED SUNBURN DAMAGES ON WHITE WINE PROPERTIES

Abstract

Climate change is a great challenge for the environment and affects the wine industry as well. Sunburn damage of sensitive grapes increase with severe heat periods. Besides significant loss of yield sunburn, modifies sensory properties of the wines and may cause climate-related off-flavours. To initiate sun-burn in a controlled way, in 2021 sunburn was directly induced in the vineyard with the GrapeBurner device, exposing grapes of the varieties Riesling and Pinot Blanc with UV and IR radiation. This device was first assembled by Kai Müller of the university in Geisenheim and consists of a carriage with 6 UV/IR lamps. A 15 min irradiation was applied in early September at 60°Oe. Due to the colder season in 2021 the grapes were not harmed by previous sunburn damage. Nevertheless, we used non-defoliated grapes facing north of the vines to ensure that putative damage was only due to applied irradiation and not previous sun exposure. Three weeks after the treatment, a control and the irradiated grapes were harvested and directed to small scale winemaking following a standardised protocol. Sensory evaluation using descriptive analysis with a trained panel was complemented by aroma analysis using an established head space solid phase micro extraction GC-MS method.

For Riesling, the control had a sweeter and fruitier taste, and was reminiscent of ripe fruit, which correlated with a high content of ethyl esters. In contrast, wines from irradiated Riesling grapes had a smokier flavour and correlated with plant derived odorants such as vitispirane, linalool, β-damascenone, and 4-vinylguaiacol. Also the sensory panel described the wines from treated grapes as more astringent and bitter, as well as with a more intense yellow colour. These results were backed by Pinot Blanc trials, as the control was perceived more fruity due to enhanced ethyl esters. Vice versa, wines from the irradiated grapes were more smoky and astringent. In addition, 2-aminoacetophenone was enhanced, causing the atypical aging off-flavour.

These promising results stimulated further trials, in which the length of exposure was varied gradually, to determine a threshold from which irradiation is causing negative sensory and compositional changes. In parallel, mitigation strategies such as applying reflecting particles or adaptation to sun exposure by early defoliation will be examined in lieu of varying UV/IR radiation.

1. Droulia, F., Charalampopoulos, I. (2021). Future Climate Change Impacts on European Viticulture: A Review on Recent Scientific Advances. Atmosphere, 12(4), 495. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040495
2. Gambetta, J. M., Holzapfel, B. P., Stoll, M., Friedel, M. (2021). Sunburn in Grapes: A Review. frontiers in Plant Science, 11, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.604691
3. IPCC. (2014). Climate Change: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]Geneva, Switzerland. ISBN: 978-92-9169-143-2

DOI:

Publication date: February 9, 2024

Issue: OENO Macrowine 2023

Type: Poster

Authors

Caterina Szmania1, Ulrich Fischer1,2

1. DLR Rheinpfalz, Neustadt an der Weinstraße/Germany
2. RPTU Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern/Germany

Contact the author*

Keywords

climate change, sunburn, white wine, off-flavour

Tags

IVES Conference Series | oeno macrowine 2023 | oeno-macrowine

Citation

Related articles…

MODELLING THE AGEING POTENTIAL OF SYRAH RED WINES BY ACCELERATED AGEING TESTS: INFLUENCE OF ANTIOXIDANT ASSAYS AND PHENOLIC COMPOSITION

Red wine ageing is an important step in the red wine evolution and impacts its chemical and sensory characteristics through many chemicals and physico-chemical reactions. The kinetics of these evolutions depend on the wine studied and influence the wine ageing potential. Generally, high quality red wines require a longer period of bottle ageing before consumption¹. The ageing potential is an impor-tant parameter for wine quality and is related to the capacity of a wine to undergo oxidation over time². Phenolic compounds which are ones of the main substrates for oxidation can then potentially modulate ageing potential³.

Read More

TARTARIC STABILIZATION MAY AFFECT THE COLOR AND POLYPHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF TANNAT RED WINES FROM URUGUAY

Tartrate precipitation affects the properties of wines, due to the formation of crystals that cause turbidity, even after being bottled. The forced tartaric stabilization is carried out frequently for young wines, through various physicochemical procedures. The traditional treatment for tartaric stabilization is refrigeration, but it can have a negative effect on wine’s sensory properties, and particularly on the color of red wines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different tartaric stabilization options on the color and phenolic composition of Tannat red wines from Uruguay.

Read More

EXPLORING THE METABOLIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS YEASTS ISOLATED FROM GREEK WINE

Climate change leads to even more hostile and stressful for the wine microorganism conditions and consequently issues with fermentation rate progression and off-character formation are frequently observed. The objective of the current research was to classify a great collection of yeast isolates from Greek wines based on their technological properties with oenological interest. Towards this direction, fourteen spontaneously fermented wines from different regions of Greece were collected for further yeast typing. The yeast isolates were subjected in molecular analyses and identification at species level.

Read More

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AROMA PROFILE OF COMMERCIAL PROSECCO SPARKLING WINES

The typicality of a wine, as well as its aromatic identity, are attributes that are highly sought after and requested by the current market. It is therefore of considerable technological interest to investigate the aromatic aspects of specific wines and to identify the odorous substances involved.In this thesis work, the characterization of the aromatic composition of Prosecco wines available on the market with a price range between 7 and 13 euros was carried out. These wines came from three different areas of origin such as Valdobbiadene, Asolo and Treviso.

Read More

ANTI-TRANSPIRANT MODULATION OF GRAPE RIPENING: EFFECTS ON MERLOT VINE DEVELOPMENT AND ROSÉ WINE PHENOLIC AND AROMATIC PROFILES

Climate changes are impacting viticultural regions throughout the world with temperature increases being most prevalent.1 These changes will not only impact the regions capable of growing grapes, but also
the grapes that can be grown.2 As temperatures rise the growing degree days increase and with it the sugar accumulation within the berries and subsequent alcohol levels in wine. Consequently, viticultural
practices need to be examined to decrease the levels of sugars.

Read More